MGNREGA State Performance
Dadabhai Naoroji Exposes British Wealth
Indian National Movement
Aims of indian national congres.
Famines Force Migration to Ceylon Plantations
- Two major famines strike in 1833 and 1843
- Famines compel people to leave native land without government pressure
- Workers migrate as indentured laborers to Ceylon's coffee and tea plantations
- 1.5 million people migrate from Madras to Ceylon between 1843-1868
Cornwallis Creates Sanskrit College in Benares
- Lord Cornwallis establishes Sanskrit College in Benares in 1791
- This initiative provides educational support for Hindu students
- No further educational developments occur in following twenty years
R.C. Dutt Calculates Victoria-Era Wealth Drain
- During Queen Victoria's final decade (1891-1901):
- India's total income was 647 million pounds
- 159 million pounds drained to England
- Wealth drain represented 44% of India's total income
British Colonial Budget Priorities Harm India
- Military and civil administration consumed 80% of colonial budget
- Only 20% remained for development departments
- Agriculture sector suffered from severe neglect
- Irrigation development received minimal attention
William Bentinck Compares Muslim and British Rule
- William Bentinck acknowledges Muslim rulers' superior governance approach
- Muslim rulers settled, intermarried and integrated with local population
- Muslim administration granted equal privileges to conquered people
- British rule remained cold, selfish and unfeeling towards Indian subjects
Pindaris Emerge as Freebooter Bands in Central India
- Pindaris formed mixed religious bands of Muslim and Hindu freebooters
- Company's Subsidiary Alliance led thousands of disbanded soldiers to join Pindari ranks
- Pindari groups concentrated their activities in Central India region
- Their growing numbers posed a serious challenge to British authority
Dalhousie Expands Educational Reforms
- Lord Dalhousie actively promotes educational development
- Supports James Thomason's vernacular education system in North-Western Provinces
- Modifies Macaulay's policy by encouraging vernacular institutions
- Introduces grants-in-aid system for private institutions regardless of caste
Home Charges Drain British Wealth from India
- Home Charges represent systematic wealth transfer from India to England
- Company shareholders receive regular incentive payments from Indian revenues
- European officials, traders and planters transfer their earnings to England
- Civil and military pensioners receive payments in England after retirement
- India Office staff in London draw salaries from Indian funds
- War expenses and loan interests for railways drain Indian resources